PTSD Sleep Disorders and Treatment Professor Ramos Blog

PTSD Sleep Disorders and Treatment There were 69,000 soldiers enrolled into the military a year ago. At the point when veterans get back home a rate have long haul impacts that frequent them every day and should be treated by clinical experts. These issues incorporate PTSD, melancholy and nervousness that make it difficult to work as a non military personnel and lead to critical medical issues. Many battle to adjust over into society with mental and physical issues that should be tended to and rewarded. Studies in regards to PTSD and rest aggravations veterans experience and a few medicines accessible for the issue, the impacts for both the veteran and their families with personal satisfaction just as their connections. A sleeping disorder might be the most well-known among veterans with a grievance of rest issues. Temperament and uneasiness bring about absence of lay down with other mental impacts. Some can nod off yet can’t stay unconscious because of bad dreams or simply experience issues nodding off. In an investigation done my van - Liempt (470-471), shows the socioeconomics of veteran included and the issues they create in the wake of being released. Different components may have an influence in how tension or feelings of anxiety yet for the most part because of PTSD disturbed rest. Pre-arrangement uneasiness side effects increment the hazard in creating PTSD manifestations albeit all remain adversely influenced. On the off chance that REM rest is upset or divided, bad dreams might be activated because of PTSD and absence of rest making mental and physical pain. It might contribute straightforwardly to the improvement of PTSD upsetting the valuable procedure of rest on dread differentia tion. Those with bad dreams may talk, shout or truly move and upset their accomplice or make an unfriendly resting circumstance. Depletion may bring about absence of rest making strain on connections and individual life affected and withdrawal for the seriously upset. There is a 75% to 90% expansion in danger of a low personal satisfaction including seclusion, drinking, discouragement, self-destructive ideation, and helpless adapting abilities to fundamental life stressors are obstructions that veterans need to suffer and defeat to carry on with a typical life. A few examinations report that female veterans with a sleeping disorder and likely PTSD had more unfortunate rest quality than veterans with a sleeping disorder alone. Battle veterans and their presentation to combat areas bear mental injury however ladies have the additional conceivable sexual injury in battle regions. For the youthful veterans who manage rest unsettling influences the expense is extraordinary both intellectually and truly over their lifetime. They can be used for future investigations for medicines alternatives and information to diminish hazard for veterans later on. There are constrained medicines for PTSD related rest aggravations. One potential choice is investigated in auricular needle therapy as depicted in Heather King et al. (582-590) being fruitful when concentrated in a little gathering of veterans with PTSD. Needle therapy increments endogenous narcotic levels and melatonin and during cooperation to advance rest. There were no negative remarks when the examination was closed. With a ninety five percent endorsement rating among the individuals who were question one member answered, â€Å"My rest essentially improved because of needle therapy. I felt more refreshed and helped me focus on my days and I performed better on my every day activities†¦.(Heather King et al. pp.587). Despite the fact that it is an essential investigation of a non-drug type of treatment. Despite the fact that there are some with other serious issues that require prescription and hazy if this treatment would work for them alongside medicine and mental interce ssion. Medicine is the main choice given to veterans who experience the ill effects of PTSD and rest issue. Risperidone which is an antipsychotic medication might be endorsed for the more serious instances of PTSD. In the investigation directed and announced by Daniella David et al. (489-491) bad dreams moved toward less injury recreating permitting better rest. It didn't fix or permit the member to rest reliably yet may have facilitated a portion of the awful dreams diminishing the evening renewals. There are numerous factors and made to order issues with medicines among the veterans with PTSD and rest issue. There might be more than one treatment that is required to reduce the side effects they experience. All require treatment and some need a rest study to decide whether a type of life support is required. Drug is normally controlled for a conclusion of melancholy, mind flights, self-destructive ideation or a sleeping disorder. It is a mix of medicines to help the veteran in being practical in life to expect the quest for the â€Å"American Dream.† Our veterans have the right to live a full, balanced and glad life when they get back from their obligation in the administration. Not we all can chip in for such an obligation or aren’t as courageous as the officers that keep on being a piece of this tip top gathering of people. My significant other is a battle veteran and has been determined to have PTSD once he got back. Rest is certainly a variable for him and on o ccasion it can influence me also. Prescription is an every day necessity and even so there are still impacts that can't be gotten away or restored. New examinations should be directed to investigate elective choices for future veterans and the individuals who despite everything experience the ill effects of PTSD and rest issue. Slowing down toward the day's end by scrubbing down or staying away from espresso may help however the mental injury is what is generally troublesome. Nature where they rest ought to likewise be suitable to feel great and safe. Short rests for the duration of the day may shield from feeling so depleted by the day's end. The state of mind will never stop to exist and can be created in more than this particular situation. Rest might be the main break and fruitless endeavors and bad dreams make more issues that add to self-sedating, for example, medications, liquor or self destruction. The Department of Veterans Affairs offers administrations and help of no-cost to veterans for the individuals who look for help to determine issues they might be experiencing. Records from veterans ready to share can be seen at Meet the Connection site where Justin states at one point he strolled into a VA and expressed, â€Å"I need assistance immediately,† (maketheconnection.net).  He talks about his life in tumult with connections self-destructing and self-destructive ideation. The individuals who are eager to acknowledge help and concede there is an issue can look for it through the VA framework. Many go to individual and gathering treatment or may record their awful records and diary about their emotions. Their quality and versatility all through the administration is a piece of what makes America incredible. Work Cited David, Daniella, et al. â€Å"Adjunctive Risperidone Treatment and Sleep Symptoms in Combat Veterans with Chronic PTSD.† Depression and Anxiety (1091-4269), vol. 23, no. 8, Dec. 2006, pp. 489-491 Hughes, Jaime et al. â€Å"Insomnia and Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Women Veterans.† Behavioral Sleep Medicine, vol. 11, no. 4, Sept. 2013, pp. 258-274 Lord, Heather C., et al. â€Å"Auricular Acupuncture for Sleep Disturbances in Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. A Feasibility Study. â€Å"Military Medicine, vol. 180, no. 5, May 2015, pp. 582-590 Straus, Laura D., â€Å"Sleep and Variability in Military-Related PTSD: A Comparison to Primary Insomnia and Healthy Controls.† Journal of Traumatic Stress, vol. 28, no. 1, Feb. 2015, pp. 8-16. Van Liempt, Saskia, et al. â€Å"Impact of Impaired Sleep on the Development of PTSD Symptoms in Combat Veterans: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.† Depression and Anxiety (1091-4269), vol. 30, no. 5, May 2013, pp. 469-474. https://maketheconnection.net/side effects/inconvenience resting Accessed 10/2018 Photograph Credits Twitter.com/VA_PTSD-Info Eopssleep.com/2014/09/11/ptsd Medicalexpress.com/news/2018-3 Green, Peter S. Post-Traumatic Sleep Disorders Are the New PTSD. Distributed 10/19/2015 Nature Reviews/Disease Primers PTSD. Distributed 8,Oct 2015 Rachel Yehuda et al.

Women in Entrepreneurship

There is 317,327,804 million residents in the United States as of 8:05pm on January sixth, 2014 (U.S. Registration Bureau, International Data Base). 37.4% of the United States populace lives in the South, 23.5% live in the West, 21.4% in the Midwest and the last 17.7% live in the Northeast (U.S. Evaluation Bureau, International Data Base). Given the way that the United States is the best nation on the planet, it is additionally one of the greatest. 82.3% of the populace live far from the White House. Prior to the 1950s, and the improvement of the web and media, it was increasingly hard to impact an ideological group to concentrate on specific issues from a great many miles away. Those residents didn't have the innovative headways that cutting edge America have, for example, T.V., E-mail, and even Twitter. Papers were just an adequate method of getting news a crossed the nation. The normal populace during the 1940s that are essentially a long way from the White House was 75% (U.S. Sta tistics Bureau, International Data Base). With the formation of linkage foundations in America, that 75% was given the connection they strived to voice their supposition and have their influence. The United States is run under vote based system and a majority rules system depends for its very employment on the considerable contacts between the legislature and the individuals. The Founding Fathers of the United States bound for the individuals from Congress to give the connection among government and the residents. On of the authors, James Madison clarifies that open perspectives are upgraded and refined â€Å"by going them with the help of a picked assemblage of residents, whose insight may best observe the genuine enthusiasm of their country... (Federalist #10). â€Å"In our Modern American Government, each House part speaks to almos... ...r office, open authorities' exercises, and the open assistance declaration of the day through TV, papers, radio, and the Internet. The media's capacity to shape the American brain has regularly been censured, yet it likewise permits individuals to offer input to the government† (Steve Jobs). Having the option to have free media and paid media, the press can swing voters by illuminating them what issues are significant at some random time. While there is a wide spread conviction that they media is inclination to either the privilege of the left, it ought to be to a lesser degree a worry to the open on the grounds that the media is to a great extent fruitless in molding feeling yet it additionally permits individuals to offer input to the administration. Similarly, the media is influenced by the administration, who can utilize the media as a political instrument by facilitating the political perspectives on whatever force is as of now in office.

1. A) Bulk Movement Is The Overall Movement Of A Fluid. The Molecules Essay Example For Students

1. A) Bulk Movement Is The Overall Movement Of A Fluid. The Molecules Essay 1. a) Bulk development is the general development of a liquid. The atoms all move a similar way. Dissemination anyway is the arbitrary development of particles which generally brings about a genuinely even dispersion. At the end of the day the development isn't ensured to move one way however the likelihood that it will move in the lower inclination is more noteworthy. Assimilation is like dissemination however is separated by the films conduct. The cell layer allows water to move from higher to bring down fixations yet doesn't permit solutes do that. b) Water potential is the limit of water to move to a from a district where there is high water potential to low water potential. This activity occurs without the effect of outside powers. When outside activities due happen and they give water a high potential vitality than the water will move to the locale where less potential vitality is. Hydrostatic weight is the compel required to stop water the development of water. This is a technique for estimation. The osmotic potential is the proportion of propensity of water to travel through a film which contains an answer. This happens when a cell doesn't permit a hypertonic answer for leave the cell film. The cell starts to increment with water however the cell film can not discharge the arrangement and accordingly the water potential inside the cell increments. This makes the water no longer enter the cell. c) Hypotonic is less solute to a specific measure of water. Hypertonic is more solute to a specific measure of water. Isotonic is the equivalent measure of solutes in two distinct arrangements. d) Endocytosis is the internal lump causes by approaching particles. Exocytosis is the removing of a material outside a cell. e) Phagocytosis is where the cell gets strong issue. This is not quite the same as the pinocytosis where the cell acquires fluid issue. These both are endocytic forms. Receptor-interceded endocytosis is where there are cooperations between a material and receptor destinations on the cell. In this procedure the cell acknowledges the material in the event that it matches with the receptor locales. f) Coated pits are regions which fringe proteins indent the layer. This is the place the vesicles for specific materials are framed. The vesicle which is framed is known as the covered vesicle. g) Plasmodesmata are the connections which hold two adjoining cells together. Hole intersections are the channels which permit materials to stream between cells. 2. The focus inclination is the distinction in the thickness of a material starting with one area then onto the next locale. The fixation angle influences dissemination by permitting the substance to spill out of high focus to low focus. The focus slope influences assimilation by a similar way it does in dispersion. The phone doesn't permit the answer for leave the phone when water is entering. This keeps the arrangement in the cell making the fixation high and accordingly no further entrance of water. 4. Dispersion is increasingly quick in gases since they are less thick than fluids. They repulse each other all the more bringing about quicker dispersion. Dispersion is more noteworthy at higher temperatures as a result of the more noteworthy dynamic vitality among the particles. They push each other additionally making them less thick. 5. The convergence of the solute is 1%. This happens in light of the fact that a 1% sugar arrangement is isotonic with that of the 1% sugar arrangement in the cylinders. The 2% sugar arrangement was expanded on the grounds that the substance was hypertonic. The layer didn't permit the hypertonic answer for exit in light of the fact that the weight from the hypotonic arrangement was constraining water in. This later arrived at a balance when the hypertonic arrangement was picking up water potential and the water quit rising. The other way around occurred in the refined water arrangement.

A Short Essay on Beauty Essay Example for Free

A Short Essay on Beauty Essay Excellence is characterized as the quality present in a thing or individual that gives serious delight or profound fulfillment to the brain, in the case of emerging from tangible signs (as shape, shading, sound, and so forth ), a significant plan or example, or something different (as a character wherein high otherworldly characteristics are show). Be that as it may, magnificence has been subject of discussion as far as its definition. So as to perceive what is extraordinary about delight in excellence, we should move the concentration back to consider what is exceptional about the judgment of taste, which decides magnificence in an item. For Kant, the judgment of taste claims â€Å"universal validity†, which he depicts as follows:†¦ when [a man] worships a thing and calls it excellent, he requests a similar pleasure from others. He judges not simply for himself, yet for all men, and afterward talks about magnificence as though it were a property of things. Accordingly he says that the thing is excellent; and it isn't as though he depends on others concurring with him in his judgment of enjoying inferable from his having discovered them in such concurrence on various events, yet he requests this understanding of them. He accuses them on the off chance that they judge in an unexpected way, and denies them taste, which he despite everything expects of them as something they should have; and to this degree it isn't available to men to state: Every one has his own taste. This would be identical to stating that there is nothing of the sort as taste, I. e. no stylish judgment fit for making a legitimate case upon the consent everything being equal. (Kant 1790, p. 52; see likewise pp. 136â€139. Notwithstanding, having said that, there is craftsmanship and engineering far and wide which gives widespread intrigue. For instance, the Cathedral of Notre Dame could undoubtedly fascinate a Hindu family, without them having next to no or no information on its social or strict criticalness. The Taj Mahal and the Statue of David could radiate extraordinary measures of sublimity to individuals of each social status. What is it in Art and Architecture that stirs such delight and notoriety? Corbusier once stated, â€Å"The Architect, by his plans of structures, understands a request which is an unadulterated making of his soul; through structures and shapes he influences our faculties to an intense degree and incites plastic feelings; by the connections which he makes he makes significant echoes in us, he gives us the proportion of a request which we feel to be as per that of our reality, he decides the different developments of our heart and of our understanding; it is then we experience the feeling of magnificence. † The above expressed sincere belief could possibly be the explanation of Art and Architecture being an inborn and quintessential piece of the worldwide social legacy. Additionally, Art and Architecture has likewise viewed as energizers to produce joy. As Fredrick M. Padelford referenced, â€Å"Indeed, I imagine that we are not under any condition mindful of the gigantic social resource that consistently great design would be. Extravagant a city in which the entirety of the structures are wonderful, and follow the impact on the lives of the occupants. In any case, it would add enormously to the satisfaction of individuals, for, as has been watched, it is the ordinary capacity of magnificence to fulfill us. Except if we have permitted ourselves to get unhealthy, bliss will go to excellence as normally as blossoms go to the sun† (Frederick M. Padelford, â€Å"The Civic Control of Architecture,† American Journal of Sociology, July 1908, 45-46). ] This short exposition however it doesn't close with an all around characterized clarification of magnificence, it will give one a thought regarding some the different components, which frames an extremely unmistakable effect on excellence.

Performers in Eighteenth Century British Theatre :: European Europe History

Entertainers in Eighteenth Century British Theater Eighteenth century British performance center was maybe the beginning stage that would develop into current theater. Ladies began to be permitted in front of an audience and acting procedures were starting to change. Driving entertainers resembled superstars with various fans. Theater was a mind boggling some portion of the social stepping stool. In the general plan of things the entertainers and on-screen characters had a significant influence in making the theater what it was. Without the entertainers there wouldn’t truly be theater, so as to comprehend the eighteenth century British auditorium the entertainers of that time should be comprehended. The social remaining of entertainers and on-screen characters in the late eighteenth century was for the most part comprehended to be of the lower class however they were not constantly treated so. Numerous entertainers, besides, were gotten wherever with cheerfulness and regard. A few of them made relationships with people of qualification; (Hogan, cxx). A difficult that would regularly happen to hose an entertainer's social standing would be the consequence of a character they played. Individuals of the crowd would frequently consider the entertainer responsible for the shortcomings of their character. For an on-screen character to depict an adulteress was forward, however it would more likely than not instigate her to get one as a general rule; of an on-screen character iniquity and unethical behavior were his main qualities; (Hogan, cxx). In a season that could include 200 evenings of exhibitions more than 100 plays might be created (Hogan, ciii). In light of this numerous entertainers and on-screen characters would should be accessible to play an incredible number of parts. For instance, in 1794-95 Quick's first appearance was on 24 September, his keep going on 25 May. This is a time of 177 evenings, out of which he followed up on 149, in 47 unique parts (Hogan, cii). With such a bounty of parts to be learned and comprehended entertainers needed to build up a memorable framework everything. There is no precise point by point framework to how entertainers did this than just totally setting aside effort to concentrate on the part. Hogan gives a model from Michael Kelly‘s Reminiscences that is flawless in demonstrating the concentration and order entertainers needed to have. â€Å"Previous to the opening of the recently developed Drury path in the spring of 1794 its acting director. John Philip Kemble, should obviously have had his brain busy with endless subtleties: the administration of an enormous group of house hirelings and laborers, of accounts, of promoting, of setting up a fabulous restoration of Macbeth.

Marketing Plan Writers Online

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Get Assistance with Your Psychology Assignment at.com!

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Uni-e text solution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 28 Words: 8270 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Information Systems Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 1.) Executive Summary Uni-eText Solution is an academic e-book provider, offering 3 main products and services categories relevance with education e-text books to meet the various requirements of niche target groups in education sector including undergraduate and postgraduate students, lecturers and researchers in universities and academic institutes all over Australia. The company solution is one of an innovative products and services which is developed from the idea of lifelong leaning where anywhere, anytime learning is an important aspect and even on any devices is currently possible as the emerging of information and communication technology era especially from the popularity and trends of mobility and internet on mobile devices including mobile phone; iPhone, Smartphone, Blackberry, Android, Laptops, Netbooks, Tablets, iPad, and e-book readers which is a part of ones daily life. So the companys products and services is designed to operate as an intermediary web portal collaborating with publishers , authors and academic institutes providing e-book online subscription (online reading), e-book electronic rental supporting to read in anytime, anywhere and any mobile devices and/or computer-based devices with desired specific rental time period (offline reading) and the buyout option available while the companys free stylish and trendy e-book reader software is available on most of popular devices which also concerning with intellectual properties and be able to maintain the copyright for the publishers and authors. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Uni-e text solution" essay for you Create order Uni-eText Solutions business objective is to be one of the best e-text book providers with high quality services and support to meet high customers and partners satisfaction while reasonable and affordable pricing scheme for academics is concerned. The companys marketing objectives is aimed to have gradually positive growth at 5% every month during the first year and increasingly growth by 10% monthly within 2 years. The company also target to achieve 10% market share (around 100,000 units sales) in the first year and to reach 20% market share (around 200,000 unit sales) within 2 years. In addition, the company intend to maintain and increase customers buying retention rate (repeat order and networking to others peers) to increase market penetration rate to achieve as one of the top five academic e-book provider in Australia within 2 years while achieved partners (publishers and academic institutes) and customers high satisfaction rating at 80% from conducted survey. Uni-eText Sol ution will be one of a desirable source as academic e-text portal website, online knowledge sharing and social networking connecting academics, institutes, students, parents and communities. In order to achieve the business objective and financial object expecting the sales revenues to reach $2.2M in the first year and increased to $5.4M in following year with overall Net Profit Margin at 15% and 20% respectively, the company will focus on niche market strategy and product differentiation to gain competitive advantage. The company will use push strategy, cooperate and create good relationship with academic institutions by giving them profit sharing and incentive scheme in order to have them as distribution channels and get them involve in marketing activities in order to create more opportunity for repeat purchasing and increase market share and sales revenue. Uni-eText Solution also emphasizes on providing high quality of consulting, supports and services and competitive pricing scheme for retaining reasonable and affordable solutions which we belief that Uni-eText will provide excellent return of investment, successfully in long-term business and sustainable. 2.) Table of Contents 3.) Business Overview Vision Uni-eText Solution will be a valuable and favorable source of academic knowledge for students and academics lifelong learning. We will be the best provider of one stop academic e-books to serve all customers requirements and satisfy partners and shareholders with sustainable business values. Mission Uni-eText Solution is an innovative academic e-books web portal providing a high quality and standard source of online, rental and buyout academic e-books and knowledge sharing that is affordable and accessible for customers from anywhere, anytime and any devices. We continue develop our products, services and technology to contribute to educational development, enhance customers experiences and achieve the high level of customers satisfaction and sustainability as well as profitability for partners, shareholders and communities. Marketing Team To be one of the best academic e-books providers with flexibility and fast growing, Uni-eText using well-experience, productive and efficiency compact team, the marketing team will include four staff responsible for marketing plan development, products services development, IT marketing, partners and distributors establishment, promotion, market surveys and all marketing activities consisting of: Teerachet Nantsupawat, Natthikarn Chuenwongrat, Natthaphas Panomtanaporn, Prayutsook Mordee. Detail responsibility will be shown in milestone section. 4.) Product Overview Uni-eText Solution will provide the products and services relating on the academic e-books to meet the various requirements of targeted customers through the information and communication technology emerging especially from the popularity and the trends of mobility features on mobile phone; iPhone, Smartphone, netbook, tablets, iPad or e-book readers supporting an anywhere, anytime, any devices accessibility with easily, friendly environmental and attractive pricing. The company is considered as an intermediary web portal collaborating with publishers, authors and academic institutes to provide three main product categories consisting of online-subscription, electronic rental services and buyout option. With the first product category, the online e-book subscription, is offering the students and customers to search, subscribe and access the interesting e-books through online website which be able to read online anywhere and anytime where internet available. While the sec ond type of service, e-Rental services provides more mobility functions and accessibility from offline usage of selected E-books where customers can access and read them without internet connection (offline) on desired using semester or trimester period through free e-book reader software (Comparable with Apple iBook or Kindle e-book reader) running on the popular devices such as desktop computers, laptops, tablets, iPad, iPod, iPhone and others smart mobile platform Android, Blackberry, Windows Mobile, Symbian, etc. while this software be able to maintain the copyright for publishers and authors. Apart from those two main product and service, three is an available option to buy out for the customers who enjoying those particular e-books where they can perpetual accessible or read and keep those books as the collections while still maintain copyright protection and anti-piracy to publishers and authors. 5.) Situation Analysis Market Summary Market Demographics The outline for the typical Uni-eText Solution customer consists of the following geographic, demographic, and behavioural factors: Geographics For the initial phase of the business, higher educational institutions, such as universities, and colleges in Australia will be a geographic target area for Uni-eText Solution. Since, Uni-eText Solution is created to support their needs in text books of enrolment subjects. Also our innovative technology can make their life easier, more convenience and is suitable for lifestyle of today students who rely largely on the internet and high technology electronic devices. The estimated targeted population is 1,037,945 customers (Department Education of Australian Government, 2010) Demographics This product is designed to serve different age groups (between 17-50 years old) of academic people in higher education. Users who are ages between 18-35 tend to be higher education students (Australian government) As Australia is a major educational country for overseas students, target users will be consisted of multi nationality students. Behavioural Factors Most target users familiar in using high technology device, including PC, laptop computer, iphone, ipad, blackberry, and etc. Lifestyles of most target users rely on the internet. Nowadays, people, especially the target users, act positively to learn and adopt new technology to their lives. Customers that need the flexibility, accessibility and mobility of academic e-books reading products and services which is useful for their learning and studying where ease of use and convenience are concerned. Customers/students whom are concerned with the reasonable price and affordability of academic e-books while valuable to technology of anywhere, anytime, any devices learning and reading features. Trend of social network, trendy and stylish devices with new way of learning, social network, knowledge sharing affected in customers behavior that are degree of interaction among people in social as the common of the most trend in their social. Market trend Uni-eText Solution provides e-book reader software which can perform in several popular operating system and mobile devices including Desktop computers, Laptop computers using Microsoft Windows, Linux, MacOS, Tablet:   iPad, e-book reader and mobile devices:   i-phone, i-pod, Black Berry RIM, Nokia Symbian and others mobile phone using Android and Windows Mobile OS. The variety of devices could be an advantage for Uni-eText Solution. Moreover, the product and service of Uni-eText Solution is accordant and supported by the increasing trend of internet and smart phones using in Australia. According to the 2008-09 MPHS, 72% of Australian households had home internet access and 78% of households had access to a computer. Between 1998 to 2008-09, household access to the internet at home has more than quadrupled from 16% to 72%, while access to computers has increased from 44% to 78%. The number of households with a broadband internet connection is increased by 18% from the previous year, to an estimated 5.0 million households. Broadband is accessed by close to two-thirds (62%) of all households in Australia and 86% of all households with internet access. A small proportion of respondents (2%) did not know the type of their internet connection at home. (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009) Futhermore, the trend of mobile internet using also increases continually in all generations. The age group that have heaviest usage is ranged from 16 to 49 (digitalmarketinglab, 2010), which is the same range of the expected target market. Industry Structure and Risk Analysis Uni-eText solution focuses on the current situation of academic e-textbook and content industry.   The company analyses the industry rivalry, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, suppliers and buyers. Industry rivalry: The potential rivalry of this industry can be the local bookshops and university bookstores.   These rivalries provide many academic books in hard copy and for sales so they may lack of available academic books for students which take long time approximate a week or two weeks depend on publishers.   Anyway, Uni-eText will provide the academic e-book through online which directly contact to publishers therefore the company has academic e-book provide student over the year.   The company also provides more option such as subscribe and buyout to student which printable as a hard copy as well.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   As a result, the industry rivalry is low. Threat of new entrants: The potential of new entrants are quite high in academic e-book and content industry due to it is not only low investment and easy to enter but also low risk of investment.   Many new investors may take this opportunity to grow and receive profit from this industry. Threat of substitute: The printable academic books are one of substitute products of e-textbook.   The substitutes are low or high rely on customers requirement such as some prefer to read textbook instead of e-book. Bargaining power of suppliers: The academic e-book and content industry lean to have high bargaining power of buyers due to the main supplier of academic e-book is publisher.   The publishers need to be a single seller to provide the books to universities.   Moreover, publishers will not allow Uni-eText solution publishes in term of e-book as well as they need to protect their copyrights. Bargaining power of buyers: The primarily buyer of Uni-eText solution is the university and students so the bargaining power of buyers is high in this industry.   It is because customers have many options to get the academic books.   They can contact to publishers or suppliers directly as well as they may borrow the book and copy from others.   Moreover, there are many second hand textbooks with the cheaper price provide in the market.   In addition, customers can buy textbooks from local bookshops and university bookstores. PEST Analysis Political factors In the Australia political situation, it has political stability in Australia due to Australia has the policy to export the education to international students.   The Australias education is acknowledging and recognizing widely from overseas.   The government also support the education system all schools such as colleges, academic institutions, and universities.   Moreover, the Australian government also concerns on the copyright of the intellectual property of publishers and authors so Uni-eText needs to concern and follow the regulation. Economic factors In term of Australias economic situation, the overall of GDP growth rate trend to grow approximate 0.7% in December last year.   (Trading Economics, 2011) It can be seen that the trend of the economic situation is growing from the last year.   Therefore, Uni e-text solution appreciates to invest academic e-book in Australia to increase its sales due to people have high purchasing power to spend on products and services. Social factors The main customers of Uni e-Text solution are the higher education students either domestic or international students.   From the study, it identifies that the number of domestic and international students in higher education level are increased approximate 6.5 percent from 2008. (Australian government, Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, 2009) It can be seen that the trend of number of higher education students both male and female are increased.   They need the textbooks in their education as references and examination.   Therefore the company provides academic e-book to customers which support them in order to companys policy which the customers can accessible and affordable in academic e-books in their education. Technological factors According to the research, the number of Australian users the age between 16 to 50 years old are using mobile internet is quite high due to nowadays new and high technology has an influence in change in peoples daily life.   (digitalmarketinglab.com.au, 2010)   All students have their personal computers for studying in higher education level as well as they use the mobile internet which can download the programme into their mobile phones.    So, Uni e-Text solution provides products and services of academic e-book which is supported by electronic devices such as computers, laptops, and mobile devices to support the academic e-book.   The change in technology can lead the company concerns on Research and Development to develop the products and services to match with the Australias technology factors and trend. SWOT analysis Strengths: Refer to the academic e-book and content industry; it is low investment to run this business. The company aims to get return on investment faster than high investment. As the company concerns on the environmental friendly by using electronic book version to reduce the waste of paper and ink as well as decreasing the companys operational costs. High knowledge, experience, and skilled in information technology and network system of management team will be benefit to run the business.   The company has the high qualification and experience as well as knowledge background staff to work and operate their job. The company is new business with innovative products to serve the customer around Australia with fast and easy to understand in new technology. The company is the small business as the small medium enterprise (SME) which fast growing and decision making, high creative, innovative, and initiative therefore it can lead company reach profit maximization quickly.   In addition, there is low hierarchy and bureaucracy within the company. Weaknesses: Although Uni e-Texts staff has strong knowledge in information technology background but they might lack of some experience in related field due to academic e-book and content industry is new business so it may require in-depth skilled. The company needs the high qualification and experience labors; they might to recruit workers with high cost and increase in companys expenses so it can lead to low return on investment. The company may not able to protect an investment through the patents because others can copy the idea to become their own assets. The company can face the cost of research and development (RD) due to small size of management team and less number of staff can lead to high expenditure. As the company is small medium enterprise (SME), it can lead to lack of adequate of funding to expand the business in the future. Opportunities: The customers can accessible and affordable with the electronic devices that support the academic e-book. Nowadays, ther e is advance technology and devices to help the readers connect to the internet through website and download information easily. Increasing in customers can help the company to have more bargaining power of suppliers and publishers to make contract on the copy right of academic hard copy. This business can be successful in the market then it may enter to the public and the stock market to gain more revenue for the shareholders. Threats: The electronic devices such as iPad, computer, and mobile phones are expensive, the customer cannot support with the cost. The illegal action can be one of threat due to the hackers may steal the information without authorized. The customers may not accept the new technology; they may prefer the traditional printed books instead of e-book. The suppliers and publishers may not allow Uni e-Text solution sign an agreement on the copy right so the company may not have academic e-book provide to customers. Competition and competitor analysis Competition In the competition, the main competitors of Uni e-Text solution are the universitys bookstore and local book shops.   The company provides the rental, online subscription and buyout of academic e-book to university and students through the online and website of university and companys website with less expensive than competitors.   Furthermore, the company also gives support in service consultant after sales and deal with network disconnection. On the other hand, the main competitors have less available academic books provide to students which may take time for a week or couple weeks to receive the books but they may have good reputation to create the customers loyalty. Competitors Uni e-Text solutions competitors can be both direct and indirect competitors.   As the company us the first academic e-book provider in the academic e-book and content industry so there is no direct competitors exist.   The potential indirect competitors can be Amazon and the local books shop such as Border and McGills   as well as universitys bookstore that affect to Uni e-Text solution. Amazon, for instance, it has a strong brand image and reputation due to Amazon promotes its product and service as the advance technology and low price.   It also provide the products as the hard copy and Kindle e-book reader which customers can purchase it online but Amazon does not provide the rental e-book service. Local book shops such as Border and McGill is one of the indirect competitors that influence to Uni-eText solution.   The local book shops also provide the hard copy academic textbooks which cooperate directly to the university by giving disco unt to students but sometimes the local book shops do not have available academic books to provide students.   It needs to take time to order the textbooks from publishers or other bookstores.   The local book shops also do not provide the rental and online subscription to the customers as well as the printable books are quite expensive and heavy than electronic books. Therefore, e-book rental is a competitive advantage for Uni-eText to provide either products or services to university and students in electronic version that much easier than printable books. Moreover, it can be benefit for the students who have low income to buy the textbooks.   The e-book rental service has strong comparative advantages with low rental fees and easy to access that will allowed Uni-eText maintain the market share. Product/service features Uni-eText solutions provide 3 main services and product categories, the main features of each product are: Online subscription: The main features of this services is that customers will be able to read the selected or subscribed e-book through every web browser such as Microsoft internet explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari in the period of time they subscribe as anytime, anywhere where internet available but this services will not available or accessible without internet (offline). E-Book rental: Customers can rent e-books they desired then the e-book will automatic download to their Uni-eText free e-book reading software (developed and free for download) on any devices such as iphone, ipad, tablet, netbook or PC. Customer can read those selected e-book from any devices they owned at anytime, anywhere without internet (offline) before the expired date or the return date of those rental e-book. Buyout option: When the rental e-book expired or return date due, customers could not be able to access or read those e-book anymore but if they like to need to own those e-book they can purchase and get the right to read them for unlimited of time. Issues analysis At the beginning, Uni-eText solution runs the business; the company may face the critical issues as follows: Uni-eText sets the value of companys products and services as anywhere, anytime, and any devices to meet customers condition. The company also develops the products and services keep up to date and support with software as well as easy to access and use. The company needs to increase the valuation of business by providing the products and services with high standard to gain high level of attention. The companys growth needs to operate the revenue over expenses which can maximize the profit. The customers need is the key strategy that company needs to concern due to the firm should provide best services which all customers can get high benefit while using companys products and services. Marketing strategy Marketing objectives (2 years) Aim to have gradually positive growth; 5% each month during the first year and sharply growth; 10% monthly within 2 years. Increase the market share rate to achieve 10% market share (around 100,000 subscribers) in the first year and to reach 20% market share (around 200,000 subscribers) within 2 years. Increase market penetration by maintain and increase unit or revenue sales per customers (repeat order and networking to others peers) to achieve as one of the top five academic e-book provider in Australia within 2 years. To achieve partners (publishers and academic institutes) and customers high satisfaction levelling at 80% from conduct survey. To be one of a desirable source (50% recognisable from market research survey) as academic e-text portal website, online knowledge sharing and social networking connecting academics, institutes, students, parents and communities and attained company image as eco-friendly and social responsibility. Financial objectives (2 years) To attain the short period break-even by the first quarter of launch date. Preferable choice from publishers and academics by achieve double digits sales growth from academic institutes and/or customers. Aim to have at least 15% net profit margin in the first year and increase profit margin to reach 20% within 2 years. Maintain significant marketing budget at least 5% as the percentage of sales revenue and at least 6% of sales revenue in second year while producing high quality, easiness of products and services environment using technologies innovations. Targeted to payout the dividends up to 90% of retained earnings return significant of investment to shareholder and attract investors investment decision for future expansion and growth. Marketing Metrics Market size is estimated to be at least 1,000,000 units sold according the forecast from information of market survey and summary. Market share of the company is targeted to be 10% (100,000 units sold) in 2011 and 20% (200,000 units sold) in 2012. Advertising and Brand awareness is one of the objective which customers can be able to name our Uni-eText and seen our advertisement especially from our online marketing or social network as one of the best academic e-book provider. Customer satisfaction that the company aim to reach 80% satisfy level and investigate customer loyalty and retention rate of buying our products and services. Target market(s) Uni-eText solutions target marketing strategy is trying to classify and evaluate the different groups of customers which including undergraduate and postgraduate students, lecturers and researchers in Australia as well as all university in Australia.   Regarding to the target marketing, the company selects these groups due to the firm provides the products and services of academic e-book through online and offline which benefit for all users in their education.   Moreover, the company also offers the different price range with different products and services to enable to maximize its revenues.   Uni-eText solution focuses on the developing either products or services to reach customers requirements.   As the company is not only provide the different products but also offer the reasonable price to different customers. Positioning The company positions itself as   the academic specialist on e-book provider, even   it can provide   the services   to   the wider market but with   this position   it   aim   to emphasis on academic activities   and   focus   to meet on specific needs, wants and   the problem   facing by academics. Also, even   the company provide   the option   to   purchase   the   book   but   its   position   is more   on   rental   and   online   subscription   services   and   to   be differentiating from others traditional book or e-book stores. In order to the competitive advantage, Uni-eText solution focuses on the niche market with differentiation due to the first company provide renting and selling academic e-book to customers such as students and uni versities as well as lecturers.   The company services on the online subscription, rental, and buyout textbooks in form of electronic version through electronic devices. The company also focuses on the value of education and customers that can afford and access that value to reach personals requirement.   The company provides the rental academic e-book in all electronic devices format, the rental condition divides in form of monthly, semester/trimester, and yearly.   Then the customers can buyout after rental expire which cheaper than the printable books and buyers are able to print and copy as a hard copy as well.   As the hard copy is quite thick and heavy so the students will avoid buying books therefore the company appreciates to supplies this rental option to all students to take advantages from this services which low price, save time and more convenience than printable books.   Moreover, the company also provides technical support and con sultation to all users in order to the technical problems such as server interruption and disconnection.   Furthermore, the company realizes on copy right of publishers and authors due to students may resell the textbooks at the end of semester so the company can help publishers and writers protecting intellectual property and earn money after first sale as well as the writer will get loyalties on second and third rentals.   In addition, the company also directly concerns on green and environmentally friendly by using paperless and reducing cutting trees and inks. Broad overall strategy In order to achieve fast and long-term business success and growth within 2 years the company will: Focus on niche market and product differentiation to gain competitive advantage. The Uni-eText Solution is the first company who provides online subscription, rental and buyout e-book to the academic people in higher educational institutions. Using push strategy, cooperating and creating good relationship with academic institutions by giving them profit sharing in order to have them as distribution channels Provide high quality of consulting, supports and services. Provide competitive pricing scheme and retain cheaper and affordable solutions Provide preferable environment using various formats (online access, online e-book rental and e-book   buyout)   for   all   academics   comparing with   the   traditional   sources;   book   stores,   online   book   stores,   book rentals,   while   concerning   with   intellectual properties   and   copyrights   issues. Operate concerning   with   environmental   friendly   by   using   Green   IT,   less   paper   or   paperless   and   social responsibilities policies. Marketing Mix Product Uni-eText solution is considered itself as a hybrid service business which can be seen as an academic e-book web portal service provider collaborating between publishers, authors academic institutes and customers/students to accomplish lifelong learning concept while anytime, anywhere and any devices is possible with its academic e-book services (rental and subscribe with time period) and/or products (buyout option) via internet (online reading) and/or e-book reader software in various computer formats or mobile devices (offline reading). The companys suppliers/partners to provide the sources of academic e-books are from popular publishers or authors such as Pearson Education, John Wiley Son, Cengage Learning, McGraw-Hill, Lexis Nexis Butterworths, Prentice-Hall, Thomson etc. As Uni-eText uses product/service differentiation as its business strategy so our services and products will provide ease of ordering process, delivery, installation, maintenance upgrade/fixed by using leading edge information and communication technologies combining with good customer and consulting services, training and also rich features, performance, reliable, stylish and trendy design of e-book reading software tools. So to reach the ease of ordering process and understanding of services products information while meet varies customers requirement, Uni-eText will provides three main service products consisting of: E-book Online subscriptions E-book Rental services E-book buyout option The e-book online subscriptions: Students or customers can search, select, subscribe according to desire specific time (trimester or semester time period) and read the preferred books with standard web browser through online web site from their desktop computer, laptop, tablet and mobile devices. The subscription services also can combine with institute or universities course or customisable for automatic enrolling with relevant academic text book according to their subject enrolment. The e-book rental services: This rental services will provides more accessibility option for customers to read the chosen books off-line on their various types of reading devices. The rental period is selectable base-on trimester or semester time. Customers are required to download the e-book reader software which available for free in most of popular operating system and mobile devices including Desktop computers, Laptop computers using Microsoft Windows, Linux, MacOS, Tablet:   iPad, e-book reader and mobile devices:   i-phone, i-pod, Black Berry RIM, Nokia Symbian and others mobile phone using Android and Windows Mobile OS. This e-book reader software technologies help to provide easy and attractive reading features, great performance, reliable, stylish and trendy design while maintain copyright and usage of those books in specific time-period according to rental time selection. After the expired rental period, those selected book will not be able to access anymore but customers can r e-order to extend reading period or using the buyout option to gain perpetual reading right in their devices. E-book buyout option: With this service, when students and customers are enjoying and valuing the selected reading books and would like to keep them as their own library collection. The company will provide buyout option in which customers can purchase those e-books and maintain perpetual accessible reading right with free e-book reading software (the same rental software devices) Free e-book reading software This e-book reading software will develop and maintain by IT outsourcing company and estimate costs of development is around $50,000 per year. The portal web site is also design, create and maintenance by the web hosting outsourcing company (iPage) with the estimate costs of $10,000 per year. Packaging and delivery process: As our services products are base-on internet, computer technology there is no need of physical packaging but it can be seen as books on the bookshelf or the cover page from each customer screen while delivery process is done via internet networking and does not need physical transportation. Price The Uni-eText solutions pricing strategy concerns on the customers preference and the value of products and services which reasonable and affordable. The company will set the price comparing with the printed books, simple, easy to understand and minimize the process of purchase decision of customers. The price of academic e-book is also depends on the negotiation and collaboration suppliers -publishers and authors. The pricing objective: Uni-eText solution sets the pricing objective as attaining the maximum the market share for the initial state first year and aim increase the profit and economy of scale in the following year which the company will maximize the profit as well as increase in shareholders wealth , partners profit and to attract new investors. According to the price elasticity of demand, the pricing of academic e-book and content of industry is quite elastic in the present where the academic e-book may not as popular as printed book and it is also new t echnology and new way of reading to the customers so increasing or decreasing in price may affect more in quantity of demand.   On the other hand, after the academic e-book is well-known, popular and seen as necessary, adjusting in price, may less affect with the quantity which is less elasticity of demand or inelastic in near future. In the initial stage, the company sets up the products and services price by comparing (going rate) to the average of traditional hard copy academic book which is estimate price of AUD$100. The Uni-eText e-book price range according to the three main categories is as follows: On-line Subscription Pricing: The price of online subscription per year is $20 (approximately at 20 percent of printed book). E-book Rental services Pricing: The rental fee will charge per semester at $50 and also provides the buyout option after the rent with the rate at additional $20. E-book Buyout is at $70. From those sales price, the cost of goods sold (costs of e-book from publishers or authors) are estimated to be 50% of Online- subscription, e-book rental and buyouts sales price which are $10, $25 and $35 respectively. According to the distribution/place strategy using academic institutes or universities as distributors / partners, the single pricing policy is used to eliminate channel conflict and profitable for partners where from company pricing above, universities will get 5% profit margin from the sale price and additional rebate/kick back from target reached which will mention in distribution strategy in following section. While those prices still can make the company achieved the marketing objective and financial objective with final projected net profit margin at 20% from sales price. All detail information will be shown in financial part. Uni-eText solutions pricing strategy is based on single pricing/national pricing policy due to the company provides the r ange of online subscription, rental, and buyout at the same rates over Australia.   The company also applies the pricing method of going rate pricing as price strategy which set up the price by concerning on the market and competitors price. In addition, Uni-eText solution is differentiate in products and services which focus on the niche market and expertise in education industrial which expected to provide better consulting and supporting to academic customers while the company tries to maintain the pricing as customers valuable and affordable. Lastly, With this pricing strategy, the company beliefs that Uni-eText can reach the marketing and financial objectives which will create enormous customers and networking to get targeted 20% market share and later on increase shareholders profit within 2 years. Place / Distribution As Uni-eTexts products and services is base-on internet and computer technology which has widely and openly accessibility from customers. All products and services can be sole, deliver and distribute through internet directly to customer. But according to our marketing objective to gain targeted growing rate, penetrate in the market share, and attain order retention rate with high (80%) satisfaction rate altogether with financial objective to reach short-period break-even, double digit growth of sales revenue and meet the net profit margin so the company should has strong partnership with partners/distributor to push the products and services to the market. So the company will use University/academic institutes as a main distribution channel while using profit sharing and rebate schemes to attract and motivate distributors to push, promote and support companys products services. With using universities/institutes as distribution channels, the company believes that this co uld reduce companys operation cost such as aftersales support, sales which can be done by conduct the train the trainers workshop for universities staff to reduce cost of direct support or first line support while company can be more focus on marketing activities, market researches, consulting and collaborating with suppliers and partners for product and services quality and more e-book content availability, software and web portal development. So customers/students can select products and services through university website which is linked or integrated with companys ordering and delivering back end process regarding to their enrolment courses.    However, Uni-eText also can provide the direct sales from own portal web to customers but to avoid channel conflict, the pricing scheme in the company web site is the standard price while buying from distributors (universities/institutes) could provide a lower discounted price for their students. So the main purpose of c ompany direct web site is to provide information to partners/distributors, online marketing activities online survey, web board, feedback, knowledge sharing communities. The profit sharing scheme mention above will initially provide 5% profit margin of sales revenue generated from those universities/institutes and additional rebate (1%-3% profit) kick back for target sales reached (1% of $50,000 target reached , 2% of $100,000 and 3% for above $200,000.) In addition, to support universities sales and marketing activities the company will provide marketing fund such as universities activities sponsor and online marketing activities budget. (Detail marketing budget will be shown in promotion and financial plan.) The delivery processes will use virtual logistic channel through internet and web site or directly to customers e-book reading software and devices which can cover all over Australia which is costless to distributors. Promotion 1.) For the first year, in order to create an effective marketing promotion to meet the marketing objectives, the estimated promotional budget will be around 7.59 percent of sales revenue, or approximately $174,603 per year. In order to increase market share and because of the growth of total sales revenue, the estimated promotional budget in the second year will turn to around 8.15 percent, approximately $447,436 per year. The detail marketing budget and expenses calculation can be seen in Marketing budget plan and financial section. 1.1)   As the company is new in the market, in the first year, in order to create awareness and interest to students and academics, who are the main target market, the company will emphasis on promoting and introducing Uni-eText Solution in academic institutions seminars and exhibition events which is the way that the company can meet the and demonstrate our product and service directly to the potential customers. Thus the main proportion (6 0.95 percent) of promotional budget will be used for facilitating those activities, approximately $106,000. In the second year, the expenses in this part will be increased to $286,000 or 64.27 of the sales revenue. Uni-eText Solution aims to attend in 50 universities or academic institutions orientations and seminar events within the first year, and the expenses for this activity will be at $50,000. Then in the second year, in order to achieve the increase market growth, the company will raise the budget for this activity to $150,000, which will be cover for 100 universities or academic institutions orientations and seminar events. Within the first year, Uni-eText Solution will spend $6,000 to promote itself at least 3 times in important academic and IT exhibitions which will be organized annually through Australia, for example MBAPOSTGRAD Expo, Queensland education resources expo, the educationshow and so on. Also, the expenses in for this promotional activity will be provided more to $16,000 for at least 4 times in the next year. Uni-eText Solution will also promote itself as sponsor in important events in academic institutions and educational expo. The budget for sponsor promotions is provided at $50,000 and $120,000 for the first and the second year, respectively. 1.2) The internet will be the second major source for the promotional activity. Promotion and advertising on the internet will be a significant way that can reach a huge number of target markets, as it supports the increasing trend of internet using and lifestyle of most target audiences. Also our product and service rely on the internet, so the internet is the most effective way for Uni-eText Solution to communicate with the customers. 28.41 percent of promotional budget or $49,400 will be invested for all online advertising. The company will outsource the third party which is Ipage.com (as the following figures) to get done about online advertising through several well-known website such as Yahoo, Google, and Facebook. As Uni-eText Solution plans to use its website to interact with customers and businesses, also the information concerning our promotion will be posted on our website. Free trial will be offered through online marketing activities, such as 1.3) Uni-eText Solution proposes to gain more awareness and create advertising through the consumers. The company will invest $12,500 (7.19 percent of promotional budget) for Uni-eText premium gifts with the companys logo, such as memory drives (USB drive), T-shirts, and caps. As the sales revenue increase, also the budget for this part will turn to $27,000 or 6.07 percent of promotional budget. 1.4) In the first year, 3.45 percent of promotional budget or $6,000 will be used in providing printed material advertisement, for instant handouts for seminars and exhibitions, and posters for university information boards. In the second year, this budget will increase to $13,200 or 2.97 percent of promotional budget, in order to support the growth of market share. 2.) In order to achieve the market objective, Uni-eText solution emphasis on using profit sharing scheme as an important strategy to attract universities and academic institutes to get involve in marketing activities, crea te more opportunity for repeat purchasing and increase sales revenue. 5 percent of sales revenue will be offered to those academic institutions as a sales incentive. 2.1) Free trial will be provided for market influencers, such as lecturer or course committee or management for reviewing in order to stimulate their interest. 2.2) In order to stimulate sales activity and increase sales revenue, additional rebate (as mention in place or distribution sector and financial plan) will be provided to academic institutions who can reach the sales target as a marketing fund support. People As Uni-eText is one of the hybrid service innovations, people and staffing are important aspect to success for the company so the company will provide IT and technical support with the strong experience consultant for users technical problems such as server interruption and disconnection. Also Uni-eText Solution will collaborate with academic institutions in order to ensure customers needs, high satisfaction and repeat purchasing by using specialists who are credible and has strong experience in Australian academic field will be hired as a companys advisor to create effective communication and good relationship with influencers and decision makers of educational institutions. Another concerning part is training where knowledge of staff, partners to provide information, sales, support and also customers knowledge of using and superb using experienced are important so the company will emphasise the knowledge transfer and development through online, offline and on-site training including train the trainer, peer-to-peer advise through social network and on-line activities.  Ãƒâ€š Processes Using the new internet, computer and communication technology, Uni-eText can provide simply, fast and efficiency through all the process. From customers point of view, it seems to be only one stop services point from their universities web site which is linking back to the back end service of the company IT data center where customers can find, select, subscribe or purchase in a few step while the services and products can delivery almost instantly to their computers, tablet or mobile devices through the computer network, wireless or internet. Uni-eText solution web site also one of the channel for facilitating customer relationship management. Customers can contact directly via the web site for any assistances. However, the company will encourage the customers communicate through their universities website in order to reduce operational cost and channel confliction between universities and the company. Although, the company also provide customer service telephone numbe r as a second line support for any problem which cannot be solve from the universities or partners frontline support immediately through 24/7 IT outsourcing company. Physical Evidence As described in Uni-eText products services and process strategy, our solution is based on IT technology which is the websites and backend services which is developed, running and maintenance by IT Datacenter outsourcing. So the company web sites goals is to be simply, easy to use, trendy, stylish designed while maintain excellent functions and features. These concepts also use with the development of free e-book reading software which will be install in customers computers, notebooks, iphone, ipad, smartphone, etc. where customers can experienced feeling of lifelong learning in IT technology and social network era.  The main communication methods between customers, partners, suppliers and the company also using technology including VDO conference, voice over IP, online chat/discussion board, text message, social network face book and traditional communication telephone and fax still available where internet outage or not available can be used in secondary way. All of our products services, communication, support seems to happen in the virtual world and it is one of the trend of near future we will experience and used in everyday life where Uni-eText is tried to be the leader and continuing developed those environment according to customers feedback and comment. Market Research Prior to the launch: In order to prepare for launching the product, qualitative research will be conducted as focus group with students and lecturers in universities to provide needed information, including end-users requirement, ideas of using and reading e-book, course structures, enrolment information, text book requirement. Also, secondary data market research will be conduct such as the number of universities students from Australian statistic bureau will be used to quantify target market including target market size, market growth, economics trend, internet and technology trend. During implementation and business operation: The company planned to conduct quantitative market research using mainly online survey which will be conducted with end users to get feedback about our product and service and ensure their high satisfaction and better products services including software development for cape up with new trend, requirement and technology. Also the market survey with partners/distributors and suppliers to evaluate quality of products services provided, also difficulty, performance and efficiency to make sure of high satisfaction and feedback for further improvement. Financials Overview: As Uni-eText products services is one of the new innovation and with the emerging trend of mobile/tablet and internet technology, the company is expected to be one of the fast growing and profitable business where the financial overview figure projected as below graph. It can be seen that the sales revenue using conservative approach in sales forecast for the first year is projected at $2.2M where net profit expected at $500K (17%) which the objective of the first year is to gain the market share and establish awareness of e-book using to replace printed book while in the second year, expected to gain double digit growth or around $5.4 M and the net profit rate of 21% which reached the financial target. The detail of financial, break-even, financial position, financial performance including marketing budgeting and expenses will be shown in the following section. Forecasts sales and marketing expenditure Sales Forecasts The Uni-eText is forecast the sales using conservative approach which the number of sales is reachable according to the market research done prior to the completion of this marketing plan. For example in the first month of the launch date, the sales forecast expected to be around 5,000 units which is considered to be only 0.05% of total target market size of around 1,000,000 students. At the first year strategy to take more time to establish network and focus more in marketing activities, sales forecast growth rate estimated at 5% in each month and aim to gain 10% market share (around 100,000 unit sales). While in second year, the company will focus to increase sales revenue and penetrate the market to gain 20% market share (around 200,000 unit sales) and aim to meet the target of 20% net profit. Break-even analysis According to the sales forecast, variable cost, Fixed cost which is shown in detail financial appendices, the Break-even calculation for the company can be seen from graph and the table below where the average monthly unit sale to reach break-even point is at 1,558 units for average all products services unit sales or 3,637 unit sales in term of online subscriptions or at $72,750 monthly sales to reach break-even point in year 2011 while the break-even monthly sales revenue is around $93,026 or 4,651 units and 1,993 units for online-subscriptions and average all PS unit sales respectively. c.Marketing Plan budget From the company marketing and financial objective to maintain significant marketing budget to increase market shares and growth in sales revenue, the company is plan the use the budget as shown in the table below where in year 2011, the marketing budget projected at around 7.59% of $2.2M sales revenue or around $174,603 while in year 2012, we plan to increase marketing budget to 8.15% of $5.4M sales revenue which is around $447,426 plan to use in all marketing activities. The major expenses budget is planned on Seminar Exhibition event at 60% follow by online advertisement at 28% and the rest for printed materials and premium gifts. Evaluation Controls procedures for implementation of the Marketing Plan During implementation of Marketing Plan, Uni-eText will evaluate and control the plan using the procedures in following area: Monitors Sales revenue per monthly, quarterly and annually basis and readjust marketing activities according to the results. Monitors the growth rate of unit sales and market share situation every month and quarterly to make sure that at the end of the year, the company should meet the target of 10% market share. Monitors marketing activities according the market budgeting plan that should spend and reach the target of expenses 5%-7% from sales revenue. Conduct the market survey every half-yearly to measure the satisfaction which is targeted at 80% level of satisfaction and also get feedback for further improvement in e-book content quality, availability and e-book reading software features development. Monitors availability, variety and updated of academic e-book guaranteeing to meet the needs of students and universities subjects by collaborating with partners and publishers per monthly basis. Monitors cash flow and operation expenses by monthly and quarterly to make sure that the company meets the target of 15% and 20% net profit within 2 years. Milestones: To evaluate and control the marketing plan, the company has milestones shown as table below: Contingency Plan Difficulties and Risks Preference of consumers in reading books or substitute products. Publishers help their distributors (e.g. book stores) to protect their profit and market and do not allow for copyright to Uni-eText Solution who is considered as competitor. High cost given from suppliers (e.g. publishers), which lead to uncompetitive prices. Worst Case Risks Decrease in market growth. Insufficient fund to carry on and develop the business. Get out of the market and quit doing the business.

Abortion Essay - 755 Words

Paper: Argumentation / Persuasion Abortion The thought of killing a human being, to most people, is bone chilling and can stand the hair on the back of your neck on end. Taking some ones life is the end all, and even in the most justifiable circumstances, anyone would buckle and not go through with it. Abortion, on the other hand, is a justifiable murder do to the fact that if you don’t think you can take care of a child, why even go through the psychological changes to change your mind. Abortion is an operation to end a pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus from the womb. There are two main types of abortion procedures used today; suction-aspiration, and dilation and curettage (www.abortion facts.com). These two procedures†¦show more content†¦Lastly, if one side of the relationship does not want the responsibilities that a child brings, then consider raising a child alone. The chances are that no matter what you choose, the opposing partner will most likely stick to there guns and leave if the child is conceived, so why even put your self in the situation. On the other hand, medical studies have shown that an EEG (electroencephalograph) is on of the leading ways to determine death. It is used to show brain wave activity, and has shown brain activity in fetuses 40-43 days after being conceived (www.leaderu.com). Another creditable argument is that the heartbeat is a sign of life. The fetus develops the heart at 18 days. A stopped heart is a valid sign of death and if the issue was defining life, then abortion would be outlawed everywhere. Even though the medical indications are credible, the fact still remains, if you are not ready to have a child, then it is best to make the decision early and know that the best decision was made due to the circumstances. There are plenty of ways to prevent the realities of even the option of having an abortion. Practicing safe sex i.e. abstinent, condoms, and birth control, to name a few. Taking your time before having sex and educating yourself on the risks of both sides. Although, if the pregnancy is unexpected and there are no cons to having a child then consider the alternative. In conclusion, the viewsShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahoma’s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion And Abortion2038 Words   |  9 PagesMostly seen as a religious issue, abortions are anything but that. Biology and science are the only deciding factors when it comes down to it. Science is the only thing that can prove whether an unborn child is living; no religion can do that. Through modern science and technology, it has been proven and well documented that human life does in fact begin at conception. The scientific evidence also contradicted the court ruling in the Roe v. Wade case, where it was stated that the Court could notRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion measures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers . At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produce

Batman as a Man Who May be Suffering from Dissociative...

Batman as a Man Who May be Suffering from Dissociative Identity Disorder Many of us have grown up watching cartoons throughout our childhood. Of the many cartoons on television is Batman. This cartoon has been on television for many years. It is a story of a man who is a successful businessman during the day and a mysterious superhero by night. Bruce Wayne is the man who is this mysterious man with the two identities. He is both Bruce Wayne and Batman. Only a selected few know both of his identities. Many of us have grown up thinking that he is a great man and a great superhero. Yet, why is it that we do not question how unusual the whole situation is? If we take a closer look, we can find that he is a disturbed man who may†¦show more content†¦This may be due to the fact that he is trying to avenge his parents death. During one of the episodes, there was a device that could show the deepest secret of a person and Bruce Wayne used this device. From this it was revealed that a major reason for him becoming Batman was because of the inci dent. Throughout many of the episodes, this theme appears many times. There are many other reasons as to why Bruce Wayne is not just a superhero but rather a person who has a disorder. When he switches from Bruce Wayne to Batman, he does not even notice. It is almost as if it is automatic. Nobody realizes that the respectable businessman Bruce Wayne is Batman by night. It appears that he is Batman for many reasons but a major one is that he fears that something terrible will happen to other people just like it happened to him when he was younger. He tries to save others from getting hurt from outlaws and evildoers. In one of the Batman movies, Bruce Wayne goes to see a psychologist to get help for this need to be Batman. He describes how he wants to get better and be himself but theres something stopping him. Him being Batman does interfere with his everyday life. Also, it is the host that is seeking for help and not his other identity (Durand/Barlow 163). It looks as if because of his night job, it is more difficult to find love. He must be wary at all times to make sure that the woman does not have a motive.

Eating Disorders Bulimia Nervosa - 1382 Words

For decades, both men and women have struggled under the pressure of looking a certain way, what is considered attractive. The pressure of society s view of perfection is all around us, whenever we watch a movie or pick up a magazine. This idea of perfection has driven thousands of adolescents to turn to eating disorders, including bulimia nervosa. During the time I was bulimic, I remember watching movies and fashion shows, then looking at myself in the mirror and thinking â€Å"I’m never going to be skinny enough†. I now realize how wrong I was for punishing myself like that and how much damage I was doing to my body. That’s why I think it’s important for everyone to read about bulimia, because this disorder may go unobserved for years and†¦show more content†¦Electrolyte imbalances occur as a result of dehydration and excessive loss of potassium and sodium levels from the body as a following purging or excessive use of laxatives. Another major concern is damage to the digestive system as a result of the gastric acid reflux. Health consequences include inflammation and risk of rupture of the esophagus from frequent vomiting, tooth decay and staining from stomach acids released during vomiting episodes and irregular bowel movements and constipation as a result of laxative abuse (Lawson). There is no single cause for bulimia nervosa. However, there are many risk factors that contribute to this problem, including low self-esteem and concerns about weight. Other risk factors include genetic factors like being a female (80% of bulimia patients are female), age (often begins in the mid-teens or early adulthood), psychological and emotional issues (decreased self-esteem, impulsive behavior, depression, negative body image), social pressure during teen years and performance pressure in sports (particularly common among athletes such as gymnastics, ballet dancers and runners) (Edelstein, Haskew, Kramer, 2009). Parents need to identify possible factors that place the adolescent at risk for bulimia nervosa and be aware of any changes that may indicate the presence of an eating disorder. Warning Signs and Symptoms According to the National Eating Disorders Association, signs and symptoms of

Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë Analysis Free Essays

WHY DID I CHOOSE THIS BOOK? Since I started to be interested in English literature, I had always heard about Wuthering Heights and Emily Brontà «. Everybody I met used to say that even thought it is a really complex novel, it is a must. Likewise, I met many teachers whose devotion to this book was formidable; in terms of translation, literary criticism or just for the pleasure of reading, all of them coincided that it is a masterpiece. We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to all these facts, I looked for some information about it although it was useless, I could not understand the complicated plot just by means of an online summary, it was impossible. That is why I decided to buy this novel last summer. Even though I did not read it that summer, it was there, in my shelf, tantalizing me. Finally, I forgot it. In the early days of this semester, I discovered that for the new literature subject, we will have to choose a book and there it was, Wuthering Heights’ opportunity. Without any doubt, from the first moment, I knew that it would be my choice. Now, after reading and analyzing this classic, I can truly say that all its renown is worthy. So that, I do not regret about having chose this masterpiece. Moreover, if I have to write another essay, I will do it on Wuthering Heights again. BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR Literature was in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s blood. Emily was born in Yorkshire on July, 1818. She was the fifth child of Patrick Brontà «, an Irish priest, and Maria Branwell, poet and painter. Since Emily was a child, she used to enjoy reading and creating stories with her sisters. After many travels trough Europe, she discovered her own poetic talent. Joint with her sisters, Anne and Charlotte, they decided to publish a collection of their poetry in 1846. In order to evade all the problems that publishing a book being a woman provoked, they adopted pseudonyms but retaining the first letter of their fist names: Emily as Ellis Bell, Anne as Acton Bell and Charlotte as Currer Bell. Analyzing the style of our author, it is undeniable the influence of Wordsworth, Walter Scott and Byron on Emily’s poems. Of course, the fact that the three sisters were writers affected also her style. As a final point to Emily’s biography, I would like to make a connection with the next section, her novel. Wuthering Heights was published almost a year before her death from tuberculosis at the age of thirty. WUTHERING HEIGHTS: THE BOOK The context of this masterpiece takes us to the Victorian Age, and for a better understanding it should be convenient to understand the 19th-century fiction novels and the Victorian culture in which the novel was written and published. Novel became the most popular style in literature during the 19th-century in England. Most of the novels of the age were determined by the Gothic tradition, which marked these novels with the typical elements of the period such as a gloomy and ruined atmosphere or the supernatural. In the list of influenced novels, it is a must to mention, of course, Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà «. Another issue to be taken into account is the Victorian’s archetypes. In culture, the Victorians were defined by their focussing in appearance and by leaving behind disagreeables topics. Social decorum had to be kept all the time. Published in 1847, Wuthering Heights was not a really welcome novel. Not too many readers gave an opportunity to the book. It was considered against the Victorian guidelines due to to its inappropriate plot. Even though the book’s narrative did not depicted any sexual nor blooded scenes, it was the topics of uncontrolled love and cruelty the ones which made the novel to be considered as disproportionated and improper for the age. However, after Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s death, the novel was reread and analyzed again by different generations of readers and that is when it started to be classified as a classic of the 19th century English literature. The storyline relates the life of Heathcliff, a mysterious character, from his childhood until his death. It is described his intense love with Catherine Earnshaw, her betrayal of him and how his revenge perdures until the day of the narration. CHARACTERS’ ANALYSIS In this section, the characters of the novel will be classified into different categories and analyzed. As a final part of the description, a brief interpretation of them will be added. The narrators As it is already known, Wuthering Heights is told by the use of multiple narrators. Although it is supposed to be the entire diary of Mr. Lockwood, it is interrupted by the use of reported speech by some characters, also the addition of written documents, such as Isabella’s letter or Catherine’s comments on her books. The embedded literature gives the reader a wide variety of opinions and points of view, although not all of them are believable. In this novel, we find two main narrators: Nelly Dean and Mr. Lockwood. Nelly Dean: As she grew up with Catherine Earnshaw and her brother, she is immersed in the story that she relates. In the time of the narration she is working as the housekeeper. As far a she is a passionate woman, her speech is infested of feelings. These feelings complicate her narration and sometimes they can alter it, that is the main reason why she is considered as an unreliable narrator in this novel. Mr. Lockwood: He started the story as a narrator, writing on his diary the moment when he arrived to Wuthering Heights. His narration conforms a complement to Nelly’s and both of them tell the plot of the book. Lockwood’s words are also considered as unreliable. The fact that he did not live the story from the beginning and his inexperience in love matters ensure that he is an untrustworthy narrator. All these facts are corroborated by Melissa Fegan, as she explains: The reader must wonder why Bronte deliberately constructed the narrative in such a way that the story is filtered through the two characters who seem least able to understand or empathize with it – two ‘unreliable’ narrators. An analysis of the characters of Nelly and Lockwood suggests we must look carefully at all the evidence they provide about other characters – and themselves -and fill in the gaps where their comprehension is at fault. The burden of interpretation lies firmly with the reader. (2008: 30). The first generation Notwithstanding the importance of the first generation, during the novel they do not play a crucial role, except from Joseph. So that, this section will be very concrete and straightforward. Mr and Mrs Earnshaw: They are the parents of Catherine and Hindley, the four of them live in Wuthering Heights. One day, Mr Earnshaw brought an orphan to love with them, Heathcliff. During the narration, it is undeniable Mr Earnshaw’ s preference for Heathcliff and the annoyance of Mrs Earnshaw. Mr and Mrs Linton: Thrushcross Grange’s owners and parents of Edgar and Isabella Linton. In the novel, they are depicted as well-mannered and wealthy people. They both raise up their children in good manners and as sophisticated people. After taking Catherine to their house, Mrs Linton tried to teach her as a refined young girl. Joseph: A servant at Wuthering Heights during the whole novel. Stevie Davies stated: He is a gnarled root of the novel’s authenticity. [†¦] He has always been there and he always will be, old as the hills, son of the Ancient of Days, with a mythic and timeless quality that does not conflict with his authenticity as a representative of the working class with its pride in hard graft and contempt for the affectations of gentility. (1994: 149). The importance of this character should not be underestimated. He has a strange power over the masters of Wuthering Heights. The second generation In this section, the two principal characters will be presented: Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff. Even though Catherine and Heathcliff are the very principal, there are some others that also must be depicted for a better and correct understanding of the plot. Edgar Linton: He was Catherine’s husband. In the novel he is described as handsome, and young, and cheerful (Brontà «, 2012, p.84). These are the qualities why Catherine married him. Since he is a child, we can perceive his hate towards Heathcliff, as a response of the way he had been educated. In his personality we can feel a tendency to be cold and a strong feeling of unforgiving when his dignity is hurt. Isabella Linton: Edgar’s sister. She marries Heathcliff, but she didn’t evaluate it before. This act and some others show us the spirit of Isabella. She is a shallow minded and a bit foolish. I could say that she ruined her life by falling in love with Heathcliff. Finally, the horror of her relationship makes her to move out from Wuthering Heights. Hindley Earnshaw: He is Catherine’s brother. Since Heathcliff is brought to Wuthering Heights, Hindley tortures him due to the favoritism given by Mr Earnshaw towards Heathcliff. He abuses Heathcliff during the whole novel. He got married with Frances and had a son. The dead of this last one drives him into alcoholism and hopelessness. He is one of the personification of revenge and insanity in the novel. Heathcliff: An enigmatic and mysterious character since the beginning of the narration. An orphan child who is brought to Wuthering Heights by Mr Earnshaw. He fell in a profound love with Catherine, his â€Å"sister†, but she declined and married with Edgar. During the novel he is humiliated by almost everybody. Many critics coincide that: [Heathcliff]exemplifies the effects which a life of continued injustice and hard usage may produce on a naturally perverse, vindictive, and inexorable disposition. Carefully trained and kindly treated, the black gipsy-cub might possibly have been reared into a human being, but tyranny and ignorance made of him a mere demon. (Barker 1997, p. 203). As Baker states before and I completely agree, the behavior of Heathcliff was built up by all the characters who were evil with him. The truth is that it must be so difficult to be a kind person if everybody is hurting you. All this anger discharges in a final character, who is driven by rancor and during his adulthood looks for revenge. Catherine Earnshaw: The daughter of Mr and Mrs Earnshaw. She falls in a passionate love with Heathcliff, this love will determine all her life. She found herself reflected into Heathcliff, the fact that they grew up being together and together makes her think her that they belongs to each other, as it is in written in the book, [†¦]he’s more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same (p.87). Despite the fact that she loves him, her desire for social improvement and ambition made her to marry with Edgar Linton. Finally, this dispute between her wild love and her ambition brought misery to both of the men who loved her. How to cite Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « Analysis, Papers